Computational biology and bioinformatics complement the experimental biosciences with quantitative modeling and data analysis at a complexity level adapted to living systems. These new fields play a role comparable to that of mathematics in the physical sciences. The unprecedented recent development of experimental methods with the generation of large-scale datasets, as well as the increasing need to analyze and design highly complex biological systems has opened a new frontier of research with fundamental scientific challenges. For instance, scaling proven methods to the complexity level of biology is required to ensure validated scientific results and insights. New algorithmic techniques have to be explored to be able to extract information from large datasets.